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Any change where the first-order effect is obvious and everyone stopped thinking there.
Trace the consequences of this decision past the first step. 1. **First order**: the immediate, intended effect. One line, we both already know it. 2. **Second order**: how do people respond to that effect? Who changes their behaviour, and in whose interest? 3. **Third order**: what does that response then cause, including effects that undo the original benefit? 4. **Incentives**: what does this reward, and what will people optimise for once they notice? Assume they are smart and self-interested. 5. **Irreversibility**: which of these effects would be hard to unwind if we changed our minds in a year? Give me the one second- or third-order effect you think is most underrated here, and say why it is missed. The decision:
Stress-testing a plan. Pre-mortems, arguing the other side, and following the consequences past the first order.
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